介绍数控车床的开发、用途和功能

车床的开发使用和功能日期：2009-01-07车床是使用转动工具转动旋转工件的机床。对车床、钻头、铰刀、铰刀、丝锥、模具和滚花刀具也可进行相应的加工。车床主要用于加工轴，圆盘，套管和带旋转表面的其他工件。它们是机械制造和修理厂中最广泛使用的机床。在古代，用手或脚切割车床，通过绳索旋转工件，并握住工具。1797年，英国机械发明家Mozley采用螺丝驱动工具架创建了现代车床，并于1800年，交换齿轮用于改变进料速度和加工螺纹的间距。1817年，另一个英国人，罗伯茨，使用了四级皮带轮和后轮机构来改变主轴速度。为提高机械化和自动化程度，美国的惠誉于1845年发明了炮塔车床;1848年，美国出现了左轮手枪车床;1873年，美国斯宾塞制成单轴自动车床，很快他制造了三轴自动车床; lathes with gearboxes driven by individual motors appeared in the early 20th century. After the First World War, due to the needs of the arms, automobile, and other machinery industries, various efficient automatic lathes, and specialized lathes developed rapidly. To increase the productivity of small batches of workpieces, in the late 1940s, lathes with hydraulic profiling devices were popularized, and at the same time, multi-tool lathes were also developed. In the mid-1950s, program-controlled lathes with punched cards, latch plates, and dials were developed. CNC technology began to be used in lathes in the 1960s and has developed rapidly since the 1970s. Lathes are divided into various types according to their uses and functions. Ordinary lathes have a wide range of processing objects, a large adjustment range of spindle speed and feed rate, and can process the inner and outer surfaces, end surfaces, and internal and external threads of the workpiece. This kind of lathe is mainly operated by workers manually, and the production efficiency is low. It is suitable for single parts, small batch production, and repair workshops. The turret lathe and rotary lathe have a turret tool holder or a revolver tool holder that can hold multiple tools. The workers can use a variety of tools to complete multiple processes in a single clamping of the workpiece, which is suitable for batch production. The automatic lathe can automatically complete the multi-process processing of small and medium-sized workpieces according to a certain program. It can automatically load and unload and repeatedly process a batch of the same workpieces. It is suitable for large-scale and mass production. Multi-blade semi-automatic lathes are divided into single-axis, multi-axis, horizontal and vertical. The layout of the single-axis horizontal type is similar to that of ordinary lathes, but the two sets of tool holders are installed in front, back, or up and down of the main shaft, and are used to process disks, rings, and shafts. Their productivity is 3 to 5 times higher than that of ordinary lathes. The copying lathe can automatically complete the processing loop of the workpiece according to the shape and size of the template or sample. It is suitable for the small-batch and batch production of more complicated workpieces. The productivity is 10 to 15 times higher than that of the ordinary lathe. There are multi-tool holder, multi-axis, chuck, vertical and other types. The main axis of the vertical lathe is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the workpiece is clamped on a horizontal rotary table, and the tool holder moves on the beam or column. It is suitable for processing larger, heavier workpieces that are difficult to install on ordinary lathes, generally divided into two categories: single column and double column. While the shovel-tooth lathe is turning, the tool holder periodically reciprocates in a radial direction, which is used to form the tooth surface of the forklift milling cutter, hob, etc. Usually with a shovel attachment, a small grinding wheel driven by a separate motor shovel the tooth surface. Special lathes are lathes used to process specific surfaces of certain types of workpieces, such as crankshaft lathes, camshaft lathes, wheel lathes, axle lathes, roll lathes, and steel ingot lathes. The combined lathe is mainly used for turning, but after adding some special parts and accessories, it can also be processed by boring, milling, drilling, inserting, grinding, etc. It has the characteristics of "one machine with multiple functions" and is suitable for engineering vehicles, ships, or mobile Repair work at the repair station.

数控铣床的加工原理与数控车床相同。数控铣床也通过数字信号驱动铣床。铣床利用工件进行XY平面运动。Z轴是刀具主轴旋转的方向。对少量或大量生产来说，移动工件进行切割的工作机床是一种非常经济的方式。