介绍数控车床的开发、用途和功能

车床技术的运用

车床的开发用途和功能。车床是使用车削工具车削旋转工件的机床。在车床上，钻头、铰刀、铰刀、丝锥、模具和滚花工具也可进行相应的加工。车床主要用于加工轴、盘、套等具有旋转表面的工件。它们是机械制造和修理厂中使用最广泛的机床。在古代，车床是用手或脚切割，通过绳子旋转工件，并持有工具。

1797年，英国机械发明家莫兹利发明了带螺旋传动刀架的现代车床

1800年，交换齿轮被用来改变进给速度和被加工螺纹的节距。1817年，另一位英国人罗伯茨使用了四级滑轮和后轮机构来改变主轴速度。为了提高机械化和自动化程度，美国的费奇于1845年发明了转塔车床

1848年，美国出现了左轮车床;1873年，美国斯宾塞制成单轴自动车床，不久又制成三轴自动车床;20世纪初出现了由单个电机驱动的齿轮箱车床。第一次世界大战后，由于武器、汽车和其他机械工业的需要，各种高效自动车床和专门化车床迅速发展起来。为了提高小批量工件的生产率，20世纪40年代末，采用液压仿形装置的车床得到了推广，同时，多刀车床也得到了发展。

在20世纪50年代中期，开发了带有打孔卡、锁存板和刻度盘的程控车床。

数控技术于20世纪60年代开始应用于车床，70年代以来发展迅速。车床按其用途和功能分为各种类型。普通车床加工对象范围广，主轴转速和进给速度的调节范围大，能加工工件的内、外表面、端面和内外螺纹。这种车床主要由工人手工操作，生产效率低。适用于单件、小批量生产、维修车间。转塔车床和旋转车床具有可容纳多个工具的转塔刀架或转轮刀架。工人可使用多种刀具在一次夹紧工件中完成多道工序，适用于批量生产。自动车床可以按照一定的程序自动完成中小工件的多道工序加工。它可以自动装卸和重复加工一批相同的工件。适合大规模、大批量生产。多刃半自动车床分为单轴、多轴、卧式和立式。 The layout of the single-axis horizontal type is similar to that of ordinary lathes, but the two sets of tool holders are installed in front, back, or up and down of the main shaft, and are used to process disks, rings, and shafts. Their productivity is 3 to 5 times higher than that of ordinary lathes. The copying lathe can automatically complete the processing loop of the workpiece according to the shape and size of the template or sample. It is suitable for the small-batch and batch production of more complicated workpieces. The productivity is 10 to 15 times higher than that of the ordinary lathe. There are multi-tool holder, multi-axis, chuck, vertical and other types. The main axis of the vertical lathe is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the workpiece is clamped on a horizontal rotary table, and the tool holder moves on the beam or column. It is suitable for processing larger, heavier workpieces that are difficult to install on ordinary lathes, generally divided into two categories: single column and double column. While the shovel-tooth lathe is turning, the tool holder periodically reciprocates in a radial direction, which is used to form the tooth surface of the forklift milling cutter, hob, etc. Usually with a shovel attachment, a small grinding wheel driven by a separate motor shovel the tooth surface. Special lathes are lathes used to process specific surfaces of certain types of workpieces, such as crankshaft lathes, camshaft lathes, wheel lathes, axle lathes, roll lathes, and steel ingot lathes. The combined lathe is mainly used for turning, but after adding some special parts and accessories, it can also be processed by boring, milling, drilling, inserting, grinding, etc. It has the characteristics of "one machine with multiple functions" and is suitable for engineering vehicles, ships, or mobile Repair work at the repair station.

数控加工技术

数控铣床的加工原理与数控车床相同。数控铣床也通过数字信号驱动铣床。铣床利用工件进行XY平面运动。Z轴是刀具主轴转动。移动工件进行切割的机床，对于少量或批量生产是一种非常经济的方式。